| Formatted Contents Note: |
Machine generated contents note: SECTION 1 Pretest and Mathematics Review -- Essential Skills Evaluation: Pretest -- Essential Skills Evaluation: Pretest Answer Sheet -- Mathematics Diagnostic Evaluation -- 1. Fractions and Decimals -- Fractions -- Types of Fractions -- Equivalent Fractions -- Conversion -- Comparing Fractions -- Addition and Subtraction of Fractions -- Multiplication of Fractions -- Division of Fractions -- Decimals -- Decimal Fractions and Decimal Numbers -- Comparing Decimals -- Conversion Between Fractions and Decimals -- Addition and Subtraction of Decimals -- Multiplying Decimals -- Dividing Decimals -- Rounding Decimals -- 2. Ratios, Percents, Simple Equations, and Ratio-Proportion -- Ratios and Percents -- Ratios -- Percents -- Converting Among Ratios, Percents, Fractions, and Decimals -- Comparing Percents and Ratios -- Solving Simple Equations for X -- Ratio-Proportion: Cross-Multiplying to Solve for X -- Finding the Percentage of a Quantity -- Section 1 Self-Evaluation -- SECTION 2 Measurement Systems, Drug Orders, and Drug Labels -- 3. Systems of Measurement -- Metric System -- Apothecary and Household Systems -- Other Common Drug Measurements: Units and Milliequivalents -- 4. Conversions: Metric and Household Systems -- Identifying Need for Unit Conversion -- Converting From One Unit to Another Using Ratio-Proportion -- Converting Within the Metric System -- Approximate Equivalents -- Converting Between Systems of Measurement -- 5. Conversions for Other Clinical Applications: Time and Temperature -- Converting Between Traditional and International Time -- Converting Between Celsius and Fahrenheit Temperatures -- 6. Equipment Used in Dosage Measurement -- Oral Administration -- Medicine Cup -- Calibrated Dropper -- Pediatric Oral Devices -- Parenteral Administration -- 3mL Syringe -- Prefilled Single-Dose Syringe -- Insulin Syringe -- 1mL Syringe -- Safety Syringe -- Intravenous Syringe -- Needleless Syringe -- 7. Interpreting Drug Orders -- Medical Abbreviations -- Drug Order -- Medication Order and Administration Forms -- Computerized Medication Administration Systems -- 8. Understanding Drug Labels -- Brand and Generic Names -- Dosage Strength -- Form -- Supply Dosage -- Total Volume -- Administration Route -- Directions for Mixing or Reconstituting -- Label Alerts -- Name of the Manufacturer -- Expiration Date -- Lot or Control Numbers -- National Drug Code (NDC) -- Controlled Substance Schedule -- Barcode Symbols -- United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and National Formulary (NF) -- Unit- or Single-Dose Labels -- Combination Drugs -- Supply Dosage Expressed as a Ratio or Percent -- Checking Labels -- 9. Preventing Medication Errors -- Prescription -- Verbal Orders -- Transcription -- Safe Medication Administration -- Right Patient -- Right Drug -- Right Amount -- Right Route -- Right Time -- Right Documentation -- Nurse's Critical Role in Medication Error Prevention -- Section 2 Self-Evaluation -- SECTION 3 Drug Dosage Calculations -- 10. Oral Dosage of Drugs -- Tablets and Capsules -- Three-Step Approach to Dosage Calculations -- Oral Liquids -- 11. Parenteral Dosage of Drugs -- Injectable Solutions -- High-Alert Parenteral Medications -- Heparin -- Insulin -- Insulin Labels -- Insulin Action Times -- Premixed, Combination Insulin -- Interpreting the Insulin Order -- Insulin Administration -- Measuring Insulin in an Insulin Syringe -- Combination Insulin Dosage -- Insulin Coverage---The "Sliding Scale" -- Prefilled U-100 Insulin Pens -- U-500 Insulin -- Avoiding Insulin Dosage Errors -- 12. Reconstitution of Solutions -- Solution Properties -- Reconstitution of Injectable Medications in Powder Form -- Types of Reconstituted Parenteral Solutions -- Single-Strength Solution -- Multiple-Strength Solution -- Reconstituted Parenteral Solutions With Various Routes -- Drugs With Injection Reconstitution Instructions for Either IM or IV -- Drugs With Different IM and IV Reconstitution Instructions -- Drugs With Instructions to "See Package Insert" for Dilution and Administration -- Reconstitution of Noninjectable Solutions -- Solution Concentration -- Calculating Solutions -- Topical Solutions and Irrigants -- Oral and Enteral Feedings -- Diluting Ready-to-Use Nutritional Liquids -- 13. Pediatric and Adult Dosages Based on Body Weight -- Administering Medications to Children -- Converting Pounds to Kilograms -- Body Weight Method for Calculating Safe Pediatric Dosage -- Single-Dosage Drugs -- Single-Dosage-Range Drugs -- Routine or Round-the-Clock Drugs -- Daily-Dosage-Range Drugs -- Daily-Dosage-Range Drugs With Maximum Daily Allowance -- Underdosage -- Combination Drugs -- Adult Dosages Based on Body Weight -- 14. Alternative Dosage Calculation Methods: Formula and Dimensional Analysis -- Converting Using the Conversion Factor Method -- Using the Formula Method to Calculate Dosages -- Using Dimensional Analysis to Calculate Dosages -- Section 3 Self-Evaluation -- SECTION 4 Advanced Calculations -- 15. Intravenous Solutions, Equipment, and Calculations -- IV Solutions -- Solution Components -- Solution Strength -- Solution Additives -- Calculating Components of IV Solutions When Expressed as a Percent -- IV Sites -- Monitoring IVs -- Primary and Secondary IVs -- Blood-Administration Tubing -- IV Flow Rate -- Electronically Regulated IVs -- Calculating Flow Rates for Infusion Pumps in mL/h -- Manually Regulated IVs -- Calculating Flow Rates for Manually-Regulated IVs in gtt/min -- Formula Method -- Shortcut Method -- Calculating Flow Rates for Manually-Regulated IVs Using a Dial-Flow Controller -- Adjusting IV Flow Rate -- Intermittent IV Infusions -- IV Piggybacks -- Saline and Heparin IV Locks for IV Push Drugs -- ADD-Vantage System -- Calculating IV Infusion Time and Volume -- 16. Body Surface Area and Advanced Pediatric Calculations -- Body Surface Area Method -- BSA Formula -- BSA Nomogram -- BSA Dosage Calculations -- Pediatric Volume-Control Sets -- Intermittent IV Medication Infusion via Volume-Control Set -- Minimal Dilutions for IV Medications -- Calculation of Daily Volume for Maintenance Fluids -- 17. Advanced Adult Intravenous Calculations -- Calculating IV Dosages and Flow Rates Using Clinical Protocols -- IV Heparin Protocol -- Critical Care IV Calculations: Calculating Flow Rate of an IV Medication to Be Given Over a Specified Time Period -- IV Medication Ordered per Minute -- IV Medication Ordered per Kilogram per Minute -- Titrating IV Drugs -- Verifying Safe IV Medication Dosage Recommended per Minute -- Limiting Infusion Volumes -- Section 4 Self-Evaluation -- Essential Skills Evaluation: Posttest -- Essential Skills Evaluation: Posttest Answer Sheet -- Comprehensive Skills Evaluation -- Answers -- Essential Skills Evaluation -- Mathematics Diagnostic Evaluation -- Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Section 1 Self-Evaluation -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5 -- Chapter 6 -- Chapter 7 -- Chapter 8 -- Chapter 9 -- Section 2 Self-Evaluation -- Chapter 10 -- Chapter 11 -- Chapter 12 -- Chapter 13 -- Chapter 14 -- Section 3 Self-Evaluation -- Chapter 15 -- Chapter 16 -- Chapter 17 -- Section 4 Self-Evaluation. |
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