Dosage calculations : a multi-method approach

Giangrasso, Anthony Patrick. (Author). Shrimpton, Dolores M. (Added Author).

Summary: For fundamentals of nursing, veterinary, or pharmacy courses covering dosage calculation. This text introduces all three of today's leading methods of dosage calculation: Dimensional Analysis, Ratio & Proportion, and Formula. It walks step-by-step through solving dosage problems utilizing all three methods, often comparing multiple approaches to solving the same problem side-by-side. Instructors can choose their preferred method, and students can become expert with all three, ultimately choosing the approach they find most efficient. Unit I offers a diagnostic arithmetic test, reviews basic math skills, presents essentials of medication administration, and offers an easy, common sense introduction to dimensional analysis. Next, the text introduces essential metric and household medication systems and conversions. Then, building on these foundations, the text offers in-depth coverage of calculating oral, parenteral, intravenous, and enteral dosages, including flow rates, titrating IV medications, pediatric dosages, and daily fluid maintenance.

Record details

ISBN: 9780132158626
ISBN: 0132158620
Physical Description: print
xvii, 461 p. : col. ill. ; 28 cm.
Publisher: Boston : Pearson, c2013.

Content descriptions

General Note:

Includes index.

Formatted Contents Note:

Unit 1 Basic Calculation Skills and Introduction to Medication Administration -- ch. 1 Review of Arithmetic for Dosage Calculations -- Diagnostic Test of Arithmetic -- Changing Decimal Numbers and Whole Numbers to Fractions -- Calculator -- Ratios -- Changing Fractions to Decimal Numbers -- Rounding Decimal Numbers -- Rounding Off -- Rounding Down -- Adding Decimal Numbers -- Subtracting Decimal Numbers -- Multiplying Decimal Numbers -- Dividing Decimal Numbers -- Estimating Answers -- Multiplying Fractions -- Dividing Fractions -- Complex Fractions -- Addition and Subtraction of Fractions -- Same Denominators -- Different Denominators -- Percentages -- Percent of Change -- Summary -- Practice Sets -- ch. 2 Safe and Accurate Drug Administration -- Drug Administration Process -- Preventing Medication Errors -- Six Rights of Medication Administration -- Right Drug -- Right Dose -- Right Route -- Right Time -- Right Patient -- Right Documentation -- Drug Prescriptions -- Medication Orders -- Types of Medication Orders -- Components of a Medication Order -- Medication Administration Records -- Technology in the Medication Administration Process -- Drug Labels -- Combination Drugs -- Controlled Substances -- Drug Information -- Prescription Drug Package Inserts -- Over-the-Counter (OTC) Labels -- Summary -- Practice Sets -- ch. 3 Dimensional Analysis and Ratio & Proportion -- Dimensional Analysis -- Introduction to Dimensional Analysis -- Mathematical Foundation for Dimensional Analysis -- Changing a Single Unit of Measurement to Another Single Unit of Measurement -- Simple (One-Step) Problems with Single Units of Measurement Using Dimensional Analysis -- Ratio & Proportion -- Ratios -- Rates -- Proportions -- Mathematics Needed to Solve Proportions -- Using Parentheses to Indicate Multiplication -- Multiplying by 1 -- Dividing by 1 -- Shorthand for Multiplication -- Commutative Property -- Cancelling -- Solving Simple Equations -- Solving Proportions -- Simple (One-Step) Problems with Single Units of Measurement Using Ratio & Proportion -- Simple (One-Step) Problems with Single Units of Measurement -- Complex (Multi-Step) Problems with Single Units of Measurement -- Changing One Rate to Another Rate -- Simple (One-Step) Problems with Rates -- Complex (Multi-Step) Problems with Rates -- Summary -- Practice Sets -- Unit 2 Systems of Measurement -- ch. 4 Household and Metric Systems -- Household System -- Liquid Volume in the Household System -- Weight in the Household System -- Length in the Household System -- Decimal-Based Systems -- Metric System -- Liquid Volume in the Metric System -- Weight in the Metric System -- Length in the Metric System -- Summary -- Practice Sets -- Cumulative Review Exercises -- ch. 5 Converting from One System of Measurement to Another -- Equivalents of Common Units of Measurement -- Metric-Household Conversions -- Volume Conversions -- Weight Conversions -- Length Conversions -- Summary -- Practice Sets -- Cumulative Review Exercises -- Unit 3 Oral and Parenteral Medications -- ch. 6 Oral Medications -- Simple (One-Step) Problems -- Medication in Solid Form -- Formula Method -- Using the Formula Method -- Using Ratio & Proportion -- Using Dimensional Analysis -- Medication in Liquid Form -- Medications Measured in Milliequivalents -- Complex (Multistep) Problems -- Dosages Based on the Size of the Patient -- Dosages Based on Body Weight -- Dosages Based on Body Surface Area (BSA) -- BSA Formulas -- Summary -- Case Study 6.1 -- Practice Reading Labels -- Practice Sets -- Cumulative Review Exercises -- ch. 7 Syringes -- Parts of a Syringe -- Needles -- Commonly Used Sizes of Hypodermic Syringes -- Insulin -- Insulin Syringes -- Types of Insulin -- Insulin Pens -- Insulin Pumps -- Measuring Two Types of Insulin in One Syringe -- Premixed Insulin -- Insulin Coverage/Sliding Scale Calculations -- Prefilled Syringes -- Safety Syringes -- Needleless Syringes -- Dosing Errors with Syringes -- Summary -- Case Study 7.1 -- Practice Sets -- Cumulative Review Exercises -- ch. 8 Solutions -- Determining the Strength of a Solution -- Strengths of Solutions as Ratios, Fractions, and Percents -- Liquid Solutes -- Dry Solutes -- Determining the Amount of Solute in a Given Amount of Solution -- Determining the Amount of Solution That Contains a Given Amount of Solute -- Irrigating Solutions, Soaks, and Oral Feedings -- Summary -- Case Study 8.1 -- Practice Sets -- Cumulative Review Exercises -- ch. 9 Parenteral Medications -- Parenteral Medications -- Parenteral Medications Supplied as Liquids -- Parenteral Medications Supplied in Powdered Form -- Heparin -- Summary -- Case Study 9.1 -- Practice Sets -- Cumulative Review Exercises -- Unit 4 Infusions and Pediatric Dosages -- ch. 10 Flow Rates and Durations of Enteral and Intravenous Infusions -- Introduction to Enteral and Intravenous Solutions -- Enteral Feedings -- Intravenous Infusions -- Intravenous Solutions -- Gravity Systems and Pumps -- Calculations for Infusions -- Flow Rate Conversion Number (FC) -- Fluid Balance: Intake/Output -- Summary -- Case Study 10.1 -- Practice Sets -- Cumulative Review Exercises -- ch. 11 Flow Rates and Dosage Rates for Intravenous Medications -- Intravenous Administration of Medications -- Intravenous Piggyback Infusions -- Converting IV Dosage Rates to Flow Rates -- Converting IV Flow Rates to Dosage Rates -- IV Push -- Compound Rates -- Titrated Medications -- Summary -- Case Study 11.1 -- Practice Sets -- Cumulative Review Exercises -- ch. 12 Pediatric Dosages -- Pediatric Drug Dosages -- Oral Medications -- Parenteral Medications -- Dosages Based on Body Size -- Dosages Based on Body Weight -- Dosages Based on BSA -- Determining Safe Dosage Range -- Intravenous Medications -- Using a Volume Control Chamber -- Calculating Daily Fluid Maintenance -- Summary -- Case Study 12.1 -- Practice Sets -- Cumulative Review Exercises -- Comprehensive Self-Tests -- Appendices -- Appendix A Answer Section -- Appendix B FDA and ISMP Lists of Look-Alike Drug Names with Recommended Tall Man Letters -- Appendix C Commonly Used Abbreviations -- Appendix D Units of Measurement in Metric and Household Systems -- Appendix E Celsius and Fahrenheit Temperature Conversions -- Appendix F Diluting Stock Solutions -- Appendix G Apothecary System.